Relativism, Socrates & Plato, Aristotle's Virtue Ethics, Aristotle II Essay

Relativism, Socrates and Plato, Aristotle's Virtue Ethics, Aristotle II - Essay Example While the previous arrangements just on the â€Å"what is†, the last is worried about â€Å"what should be†. All things considered, enlightening morals investigates the profound quality of an individual specifically or a whole society all in all dependent on the genuine direct and conduct of the individuals under perception while standardizing morals demand that human lead and conduct must be estimated against a widespread arrangement of endorsed moral standards which developments must follow and agree to. The third degree of morals is metaethics which is an investigation of the importance behind moral language and hypotheses. It not just investigations and analyzes diverse good measures; it additionally looks at the importance and motivation behind the thoughts and ideas of morals itself (Lutz 8). Additionally, these moral speculations might be separated from each other by investigating how they embrace the hypothesis of relativism. From one perspective, regularizing m orals recognizes that specific circumstances do emerge which require deviation from the endorsed standards and in this way require some level of resistance. On a case-to-case premise, a particular activity is resolved whether it is correct or wrong by thinking about the particular conditions which caused the deviation or rebelliousness with the all inclusive good standards. Then again, relativism in metaethics thinks about the way that individuals and social orders originate from various race, culture and set of basic convictions. Some level of resistance is given to the quirks of societies that are not quite the same as one’s own. In that capacity, there is no supreme good standard of good and bad, rather, human direct is estimated against the recommended standards of a given culture or gathering to which he has a place. 3.) Aristotle contends that morals is the study of accomplishing joy. What is his contention for this? What is joy for Aristotle? Furthermore, why doesnâ₠¬â„¢t he think it is indistinguishable from delight? Clarify the capacity contention and how it associates sanity with bliss. What job do the ethics play in this contention? Aristotle contends that morals is the study of accomplishing joy in light of the fact that so as to be glad, an individual should initially behave appropriately and achieve his objectives throughout everyday life. For Aristotle, joy is a definitive objective of each individual and the center inspiration and main thrust for the entirety of our activities. Bliss is the place all activities end and one will never stop until it is accomplished. A person’s conduct and activity can be compared to a pyramid which has a wide base of various objectives for various necessities. At that point, as every objective is accomplished, one pushes ahead and upward to another objective which carries him closer to the top where every single other objective combine and end at point bliss. Regardless of what number of or hard t he impediments and conditions are, an individual is spurred to push ahead by the possibility of coming to the top. In case bliss be mistaken for unimportant joy, Aristotle explicitly explained that there is a huge improvement among satisfaction and delight, the last being a simple feeling felt by an individual when a go-between objective is accomplished. All through his excursion to the peak of the pyramid, an individual may feel delight as every particular objective carries him closer to his definitive objective. At long last, as per Aristotle’s work contention, the capacity of man is to accomplish discernment through various exercises which require the utilization of the human intellectual capacities. Human sanity is the thing that isolates us from plants and creatures; we don't simply exist in this world, we

The boy and the stripped pj

A significant piece of life is to have a feeling of personality, culture and to have a place. Now and again we need to forfeit a portion of our Identity to fit in, however we can learn new things and develop our Identity. A feeling of having a place implies you believe you are In the perfect spot, your happy with acting naturally. While numerous individuals have a place, there are likewise numerous individuals who don't have a place, either by having an absence of companions, not fitting in or finding their encompassing new or uncertain. In 2008 imprint Hermes created the film the Boy In the Stripped Pajamas that has both part of belonging.In the Immigrant Chronicles by Peter Crooknecks, he composes is sonnets about his background and climate or not on the off chance that he had a place. 2 sonnets of his, from the settler narratives that show an absence of having a place are â€Å"In the Folk Museum† and â€Å"The Migrant Hostel†. The Boy In the Stripped Pajamas Is a fi lm around a multi year old kid called Bruno, him and his family are made to move to a spot got out with (Auschwitz), they move houses as his dad is an exceptionally positioned solider. Their new house is in sight of an association camp, in light of this Bruno isn't permitted to do his most loved thing investigate, and should remain within the yard.The film is set in World War 2, Germany After they move the principal scene, where Bruno feels a feeling of having a place Is the point at which he comes up short on the yard into the timberland, the camera tails him by a following shot, this features the delight he gets from investigating. The congested encompassing features his opportunity, in the wake of having nothing to do and nobody to converse with; when he is running you can perceive how he feels a feeling of having a place and personality. The closer Bruno gets to the fence the more brilliant the hues get; this strengthened the tone of Bruno and his joy. Hen Bruno first runs over the fence and sees Samuel, he doesn't comprehend cap the association camp is, he considers Samuel to be another companion that will have the option to play with him. At the point when Bruno and Samuel initially meet the shot goes among them, when the shot is on Bruno the foundation is splendid yellow blossoms, Bruno is in pleasant clean garments, when the shots goes to Samuel the foundation it is dull dark hues and he Is wearing old grimy stripped night robe, the dull hues shows us, that Samuel doesn't fit In to his encompassing, he doesn't have a place In a dispute camp at 8 years old.The scene gives us the visual pieces of information that empowered us to look at their lives. We're not intended to be companions you and me, we're intended to be adversaries did you know,† said by Bruno to Samuel, this shows the way of life hindrance between them. In one of the last scene with Bruno and Samuel Is when Bruno crosses the fence to help as he understands what the camp is the, clima te begins to tempest and turn dull dark tones, which makes strain. The last perspective on Bruno and Samuel is the point at which they get taken to the gas chamber with other prisoners.The see is them gripping hands, it shows even in death, they kinship is joined together, that at long last they had a place with one another s companions. In the society historical center is about the artist being in an exhibition hall, he can't associated with the gallery, since he has an inclination that he is in an alternate time zone, that his encompassing aren't from where he is utilized, he doesn't have a place in that time zone. The sonnet proposes the significance of having a place with a spot and how it affects you. In verse 1 the words â€Å"darkness† and â€Å"betray' makes a tone of confined and distance, it makes the air of forlorn, pity and sinister.In the film, Bruno feels estranged, when he moved he has nobody his age as him and wasn't permitted to investigate, he senses that h e can't have a place with his new encompassing, that there is nothing their for him. The expanding illustration of the words, fall, yellow and earthy colored strengthened a state of mind of dull hues that makes a sentiment of being separated from everyone else and disagreeable that he is upset where he is. In the finial verse line 3, â€Å"l leave without, needing a finial look. † This is Lorraine; it makes the impact of a quick break. At the point when Bruno begins running he doesn't look back.It shows when you can to begin to feel like you are having a place once more, you don't have to think back you realize what's privilege and you Just let it all out. The Migrant Hostel is about the encounters of the creator and others at a transient lodgings. Crooknecks makes the sentiment of frustration through the many reference of them having no influence over their lives. The sonnet to me discusses the hardship and obstructions of making another life. In refrain 1 line 1,2 â€Å"no one kept check, of all the coming and going†, this makes the having a feeling that they weren't important.The sonnet can relate the Samuel and the other individual from the association camp. The individuals from the association camp are not treated right. â€Å"Those individuals, well their not so much individuals, Bruno†, Bruno father ells Bruno, this shows how they can't have a place as they aren't viewed as individuals by any stretch of the imagination. In verse 3 line 2†³we lived like feathered creatures of passage† this is an analogy, the we in the sentence can allude to everybody in the camp that even realize they don't have a place they are beginning another Journey and they all need to fly out.It likewise alludes to the manner in which vagrants are still in travel as everything is changing and they are as a rule continually moved around. Which can cause them to have an absence of security and having a place with the spot The line â€Å"a hindrance a t the primary entryway, closed the expressway' is making the partition f them and Australia, it causes them to feel weak, the parkway symbioses the fence is a common theme in the film, numerous scenes including where they meet, is the fence.The fence turns into a boundary between their companionships, however it is the thing that integrates they. The door in the sonnet can give them trust; it could speak to the new beginning, that once they're through the entryway their began. The Boy in the Stripped nightgown, In the Folk Museum and The Migrant lodging shows the significance of having a place with individuals and spot and how it can identify with making individuals troubled.

War and Silence in Bangladesh Bina D Costa

Question: Compose an article on War and Silence in Bangladesh? Answer: Presentation: The conversation features the excursion of Bina DCosta, where she investigates into the profundity about country building process, Political components which were legitimately identified with the issues of war kind and sexuality and sex and minority bunch underestimating. DCosta here clarifies how the association of the state influenced the sex character development. It additionally clarified how capably dealing with ladies and their sexuality has been a principle issue to the task of country building. Bina DCosta has applied a noteworthy women's activist idea for the two primary clashes wherein one was about the parcel of the subcontinent of India around August, 1947 and the war for advancement in Bangladesh during 1971. The investigation additionally offers recommendation for recognized chronicled shamefulness and wrongdoing during war, in reference to present day Bangladesh. The peripheral Identity: As per verifiable proof, the principal parcel brought about carnage and around 300,000 Bengali female turned into the objective of the military of Pakistan. They thought the constant assaulting of ladies would be a piece of ethnic purifying. Bina DCosta laid a handy structure which for the most part featured the uncertain conceptual issues. The examination work of DCosta exhibited that numerous ladies who had been investigated in this setting were increasingly agreeable to return to female specialists from outside areas. During the exploration she experienced a major test which was identified with women's activist talk to hands on work. In reference to Birangona DCosta clarified that the individuals who were not consenting to be met were suspended from bringing water in their close by shared tubewell. A birangona is somebody who is a survivor and has the ability to control her own predetermination in setting to her constraints. Where most speculations and research about females were not spoken to in the investigations there the real rates were not in the slightest degree shared that occurred during wars in South Asia. DCosta expressed in her approach that what she caught isn't really reality, not just that in her technique she additionally expressed that shifting ladies has various thoughts regarding whom to think about casualty and whom to consider as a survivor. In excess of a reasonable picture the examination centered the dynamics and the absence of appropriate collaboration of ladies at that point in what manner can the exploration arrive at a legitimate resolution. DCosta study was increasingly about constrained ladies who expected to stifle their accounts from the analysts. End: The sole reason for assaulting those ladies was delivering the unadulterated types of Muslims who might convey posterity of steadfast Pakistani and not the Indian or Hindu supporters. As indicated by the investigation the vital utilization of assaulting ladies had a goal to make Genocide. This induced war among west and East Pakistan during 1971. So far there were no hint of nitty gritty research on the utilization of constrained impregnation and assault. The exploration didn't follow a curious nature of discovering the subtleties, yet it regarded ladies who didn't wish to share about the subject. This was more information based and this information is progressively about assessment and not the genuine effect.

This Kind Of Testing Is Being Unjustified - Free Essay Example

Testing on animals has been around since 384-322BC (Rachel Hajar), meaning animals have been suffering for a very long time. Scientists have been using this method to try out new medicines or new surgical techniques to save lives. What they do not get is that animals and humans do not have the same body chemistry, making it difficult for the tests to be accurate, with the new advances in technology: experiments should not require animals for such inhumane acts. Instead of using defenseless animals to do such horrible things, scientist should have designed more advanced machinery considering they already have the talent to make new things without needing the help of many resources. This kind of testing is being unjustified; there has been multiple reports of suffering because of all the horrible experiences the animals have to go through. Other reports were the way these animals were living they were malnourished, some of the animals heads were severely burnt and bleeding. A huge amount of money is thrown away to do unnecessary procedures. With this kind of money, we could use it to make alternatives to animal testing, invent new machines that will help reduce the lives of animals at risk. One-way scientist covers up what they have done to animals is by saying they are taken care of and they do not suffer any kind of pain. Since they are the ones with the white lab coats, of course, people are going to believe them. Research has shown that in 2016 alone more than 4 million procedures have taken place, this has caused more than 820,812 innocent animals to die. They do not go through one procedure or one test, one animal can be tested as many as 2 times even if it is already in a lot of pain. Many of the animals used in these experiments are fish, rats, birds, primates, dogs, cats, and sometimes even horses. These animals endure torture that no animal should ever go through. Over 73% of all animals tested in 2016 were mice or small rodents. Scientist prefer to use animals with a non-human vertebrate and cephalopod such as octopus and/or squid. Using animals like these also bring non-effective results in tests, which is another reason it should stop. Octopus and squid do not have anything related towards the human body making them unreliable. Tests are done on animals for many things: chemical, sprays, perfumes, medicine, and makeup. Many cosmetic brands are cruelty-free, and they still manage to have customers buy their products. The European Union has banned cosmetic testing because it is cruel to the animals and not required. Many other countries are following their steps in ending this type of testing or prohibiting brands that use them to sell anywhere in that country. Places like China require their make-up brands to test on animals to sell on their market. Korea and Turkey have stepped back on the testing and they even consider ending it, which would be the good thing to do. Animals do not wear makeup or try to look pretty, so scientist should not force them to be the first ones to try out new products they do not need. It is not a requirement by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to test new chemicals or any kind of product on animals, but researchers choose to do it. This makes it worse for the animals because they are not needed in the laboratories, they are wanted there to try out and make sure things come out as they are supposed to. There are many other useful ways to find out about animals and how they do things, we do not need to dissect frogs or pigs to see the insides; we can find alternatives for this. As a person, you can help in many ways to stop animal abuse not just in labs but also in classrooms and other places around the world like zoos. Before someone passes away, they can decide to donate their body to science for others to learn from, and they can also donate to charities who do not test on animals for any kind of medicine or any type of harmful chemicals and instead work hard to save them. When a kid is in a classroom and they want to dissect an animal, people can stand up and say no to defend the rights of the defenseless animal. Many more animals are being tested that the public does not know about. The people who are aware of this can help and put an end to this. Dogs are also part of these cruel experiments especially beagles because they know how to tolerate pain a lot better than any other dog. More than 60,000 dogs undergo experiments each year; they are the ones who undergo more experiments than any other mammal. Dogs are cute, fluffy animals and everyone views them as wonderful little creatures, but nobody really talks about the horrible side of animal testing they go through or the torture they endure. Beagles are the most common used dogs and there is no law that prohibits people from doing animal testing. There are people trying to put an end to all animal testing, it is quite hard when there are more people with it than against it. There have been campaigns, posters, marches, and so many more things to persuade people to join end animal testing and help to end all this cruel torture. No animals should have to wonder when the next test will be or when they will die so they will not suffer anymore. They need help and the more the public fights for animal rights the more chances that scientists and researchers will stop and free the animals and search better ways to test new products that are harmful to the animals. Once scientists finish using the animal or the animal is close to dying, they throw it out and dispose of it. These people in white lab coats make everyone believe that the animals are safe and there is nothing to worry about, they are lying and do not what the public to know exactly what is going on inside these laboratories. Animals suffer physical, emotional, and mental pain every single day they are locked in those metal cages. Since there are no laws saying this is illegal, more and more animals will be hurt and killed. These animals spend all their day wondering when the next test will be preparing themselves mentally that they will go through a lot of pain and suffering. This is extremely sad knowing that so many people love majority of these animals, and so badly they are treated. When animal testing was becoming more common scientist used animals to test a drug for pregnant woman, so it could stop morning sicknesses. Doctors gave this medicine out and it backfired on them, many kids were born with defects and one mother died because of the drug. It is a fact that if scientist were to have used human like methods they would have gotten a lot closer to getting better results. Because of this happening, it also comes to show that we cannot rely much on animals to give out good and positive results, which makes it worse to keep using them when they do not have the same system as humans and cannot give us the results we need. Because the animals do not give us presentable answers, scientists should put an end to testing and focus more on other ways to test things. It has been showed that because of the failed results many people have died or have gotten extremely sick, death rates would decrease drastically if researchers used more human like methods and leave animals out of it. The more doctors give out medicines or any type of antibiotic to patients that have been tested by animals, the more likely these patients are to get sick or even die. Humans and animals do not have the same body chemistry, making it extremely difficult to get accurate results from animals and provides us with negative results. Since animal testing has been around for so long, people still think that is it ok to keep using defenseless animals to torture them to find out about a product and the harm it may do. Some places that have banned animal testing are inspiring other countries to stop and become cruelty-free, other things that are cruelty-free are some make-up brands, perfumes, and even household items. It is not hard to buy and support cruelty-free products, it makes it better for the animals, some people think that because of the testing we have safer products which is not true. Animal testing should stop, no animal should go through this kind of pain. Since we keep developing more and more advanced technology every day, there is no reason animal testing should continue. Researchers have the machines and computers needed to no longer use animals, they should start letting animals go.

The Endangered Species Act Protector of Nature - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2508 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Environment Essay Level High school Topics: Endangered Species Essay Did you like this example? Introduction America has lasted for thousands of years, and the native species remained untouched except for use by the native peoples. However, once colonists arrived, they started to affect and damage the indigenous species and have been for the last 400 years. In the early 1970s, a realization occurred that would change Americas relationship with the environment forever. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Endangered Species Act: Protector of Nature" essay for you Create order In 1973, the United States solution was to issue the Endangered Species Act in order to save the various native species going extinct and that were characterized to have esthetic, ecological, educational, recreational, and scientific value to our Nation and its people (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). Although there are debates on the Endangered Species Acts protections concerning land and resources, its successes have been shown in saving hundreds of species and habitats from extinction and recover. History and Background Even before the obsession of protecting the environment in the United States, there were several occasions where species protection was given special attention (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). Beginning in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt created the first National Wildlife Refuge in Pelican Island, Florida (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). The wildlife protected included brown pelicans, wood storks, and other threatened water birds. National Wildlife Refuges continue on today and currently protect over 300 threatened and endangered species (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). The United States also went international in their protections in 1918 when they created a treaty with Great Britain in support of Canada (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). This treaty established a system of protections for birds that migrated between the United States and Canada (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). The treaty was enforced through the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918 (Endangered Species Act Timeline, n.d.). Although some wildlife protection occurred before 1960, the real breakthroughs occurred after, especially in the 1960s-1970s. The ESA was one of many environmental protection statutes passed in the 1960s and 1970s, including the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976, Wilderness Act of 1964, Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, Clean Water Act of 1970, and the Wilderness Act of 1964 (Baur Irvin, 2010). However, the ESA was the most disputed and strict law of them with the purpose of protecting species from extinction and even ushering them into recovery (Baur Irvin, 2010). The Act was also the strictest environmental protection law in the world (The Endangered Species Act: A Wild Success, n.d.). The ESA was passed following the 1973 conference where 80 countries signed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in Washington, D.C. (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, n.d.). CITES put restrictions on international trade that put wildlife species in danger (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, n.d.). There were also previous laws that laid the groundwork for the Endangered Species Act. In 1966, Congress passed the Endangered Species Preservation Act, but it only gave limited protection for endangered native animal species (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). This law obligated the Department of Agriculture, Department of the Interior, and Department of Defense to protect the species listed under the Acts protection, and their habitats (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). It also gave the United States Fish and Wildlife Service the authority to obtain land and habitat for the listed species. Three years later in 1969, Congress amended the Endangered Species Preservation Act to have it also protect species in danger of worldwide extinction (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). These additional protections outlawed the import and sale of the endangered animals (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). Contents of the Endangered Species Act At the time of its enactment on December 28, 1973 under President Richard Nixon, there were sixteen sections all giving a deep explanation into the protection of endangered and threatened species, as well as their habitats. The United States government realized that because of increased economic expansion, many native species went extinct or were on the brink of extinction since there were no proper steps previously taken towards conservation (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 2). Section 3 of the Endangered Species Act from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service report gives relevant definitions from the law. Some necessary explanations include endangered species which means any species that is in danger of becoming extinct in most or all of its population; and threatened species which refers to any species in danger of becoming endangered in the near future (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 3). An important area of the ESA is section 4 where guidelines for being a listed and de listed species for the law. Listing a species pertains to the classification as threatened or endangered (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). In order to become listed, a species must apply to one piece of the following criteria: current or predicted destruction of a habitat; predation or disease; not enough current precautions for regulation; exploitation scientifically, educationally, commercially, or recreationally; or other causes of threatened survival whether naturally or by humans (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). For a species, being listed means that they are protected by potentially dangerous federal actions and have regulations on the sale, trade, and transport of them (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). The federal government is given the ability to carry out recovery plans, buy threatened habitats, and give support to conservation agencies (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). There are currently over 1,200 listed species (Westbrook, 2006). An example of a listed species is the tan riffleshell, a freshwater mussel, listed as endangered in 1977 (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). Candidate species are plants and animals that can become listed to gain protection from the Act, and can currently get protected, just not legally (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). However, early conservation can lower costs for future recovery and maintains preservation options (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). Also. if candidate species receive anticipated aid for recovery, higher priority species can get the protection needed (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service defines candidate species as wildlife that have enough information on them and their status with hopes that they will become threatened or endangered, but there are more at risk species that gain priority on the list (U.S. Fish Wildlife Services, Sec 4). There are currently 286 candidate species to be listed (Westbrook, 2011). One case of a candidate species is the Gooddings onion found in Arizona (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). The main objective of the ESA is delisting. Delisting is when species are taken off of the endangered or threatened species list, possibly due to finding of new populations of the species, extinction, effective recovery attempts. Downlisting is moving down from being classified as endangered to threatened, this is usually due to recovery of the species. In order to qualify for downlisting or delisting, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service checks its current status related to recovery and population, current threats, and consultations from experts inside and outside the Service (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). A total of 37 species have been delisted including 13 that have recovered and 9 that have gone extinct (but 6 of them went extinct before listing) (Westbrook, 2011). After delisting, the species must be observed for five years to assure that it can survive without the aid of the ESA. One real life example of a delisted species is the American peregrine falcon which was delist ed in 1999 due to recovery (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, Sec 4). The main focus of conservation in the law is for wildlife and habitats to recover and remain protected and thrive. New Amendments Added and Current Propositions The Endangered Species Act is an extensive and firm statute on conservation, however it has been added to in the past. The major amendments added to the ESA were in 1978, 1982, 1988, and 2004 which extended the Act without changing its actual framework (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). The 1978 addition in section 4 entailed that the threatened habitats must be jointly listed when listing a species (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). The revision in section 3 also said that only species of vertebrates could apply to populations when determining protection, not plants, subspecies, and invertebrates (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). One final change was in section 5 and stated that the Department of Agriculture was required to join the Departments of Defense and Interior to in conservation of biodiversity (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). The amendment from 1982 further added to section 4 in that the status of species needed to be judged based on trade and biological informa tion, rather than economic or outside effects of the species (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). The 1988 amendment had several extensions. Section 4 now required candidate and recovered species to be observed; the ESA also had a more detailed explanation of recovery plans (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). Section 9 was changed to increase protection of endangered plants (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). This amendment also added a whole new eighteenth section that discussed finances and the requirement of a financial report (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). In 2004, the newly implemented National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 excused the Department of Defense from certain critical habitat regulations as long as there was a natural management plan in place and has permission from the Department of the Interior (U.S. Fish Wildlife Service, 2011). Although many of the amendments were added in the latter twentieth century, proposed changes are still occurrin g today. In July of 2018, three basic additions were proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). The first proposition entailed that listing, delisting, and downlisting will use criteria including economic and other impacts to increase public knowledge about conservation and the status of the ESA (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). However, the classifying processes would continue to be done based on objective commercial and scientific evidence (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). The next change would be that specific protections for threatened species would be based on a case-by-case situation (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). However, thousands of species are protected under the ESA which makes it difficult to provide various amounts of support for each species (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). The final revision pertains to the adding as a whole to the definition of des truction or adverse modification, causing it to become more broad (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). This change could make it more difficult for meeting the limit of damage to a habitat enabling for less restrictions (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). There could also be a potential extension where federal agencies will no longer need consults on projects associated with critical species from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service (Endangered Species Act Regulations, 2018). These potential amendments could have a vast impact not only on the Act, but species under its protection. The Successes of the Endangered Species Act The Endangered Species Act has been quite successful in the last 45 years that it has been enacted. The Act has protected 99% of its listed species from extinction from its passage in 1973 to 2013, and has shown a 90% recovery rate in over 100 native species (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). The Annual Review of Ecological Systemics found that possibly 172 species would have gone extinct between the years 1973 and 1998 if they did not have aid from the ESA (Westbrook, 2006). The United States Fish and Wildlife Service researched and found that 68% of the current listed species are safe and recovering, while 32% are getting worse; however, the longer that species get protection from the ESA, the more they improve (Westbrook, 2006). Millions of acres of threatened habitat have been preserved which has aided the survival and improvements of wildlife species (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). Another amazing aspect of law is that it continues to have strong public support am ounting to 9 out of 10 Americans wanting a powerful Endangered Species Act (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). However, in the past 200 years, scientists found that about 539 species in the United States have gone extinct (Westbrook, 2011). A 2005 NatureServe database report found that over 9,000, or one-third, of native species in the United States are in danger of becoming extinct (Westbrook, 2011). One amazing success story of the Endangered Species Act at work is of the Aleutian Canada goose. The geese were almost brought to the brink of extinction because of nonnative foxes brought to the area, damage to their habit, and overhunting by humans in Oregon and California (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). In 1967, a very small amount of geese were found on a secluded Alaskan island in the Aleutian islands and the Aleutian Canada goose was put on the endangered species list (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). Their listing led to recovery efforts such as curbing the nonnative fox populations and protecting their habitats during migration located in Oregon and California (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). In 1980, the Endangered Species Act brought about the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge which protected the nesting habitats of the geese (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). In 1975, the Aleutian Canada goose population was at 790, but it increased to 60,000 in 2005 (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). The geese species was even downlisted from endangered to threatened in 1990, and fully recovered with becoming delisted in 2001 (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). The delisting of the geese was 7 years before the estimated recovery rate (Center for Biological Diversity, n.d.). Conclusion Some people see the Endangered Species Act as a limit to land development and usage because critical habitats are protected (Corn Wyatt, 2016). They also believe that the efforts of the ESA take away jobs and hurt natural resource companies like logging (Corn Wyatt, 2016). A common theme of opponents to the ESA is the non-belief in climate change which ties in with the principles of the ESA (Corn Wyatt, 2016). The power that native species can have on society is astounding. Conserving critical habitats provides water sources, natural protection from natural disasters such as floods, and areas for eco-tourism and recreation (Westbrook, 2006). Helping endangered species recover is the moral thing to do, but it also has economic advantages as well (Westbrook, 2006). Recreational activities like fishing, hunting, and watching wildlife brings $108 billion yearly and makes it the seventh biggest enterprise in the United States because of the ESAs efforts of conservation (Westbrook, 2006). These activities also provide 2.6 million jobs (Westbrook, 2006). A real example of this is in Yellowstone National Park. When the grey wolf was reintegrated into the ecosystem in 1995 due to the ESA, nearby communities gained over $10 million in revenue per year (Westbrook, 2006). Many endangered plant species have medicinal benefits. However, with the current global rates of extinction, about one major drug goes extinct every two years (Westbrook, 2006). Rosy periwinkle, a known cure for Hodgkins disease and some kinds of leukemia, was rescued from its extinction because of deforestation from protection of the ESA (Westbrook, 2006). In my opinion, the Endangered Species Act is a great addition to our country that not only gives benefits to wildlife and their habitats, but also to humans through medicines, recreation, jobs, and revenue. Therefore, if the world takes care of the animals, the benefits are endless.

Essay on Abortion Women Must Have Freedom of Choice!

A mid-aged happily, married woman with a top-executive position, is a candidate for a partnership, only to discover that she is pregnant. Although, children were part of their strategic plan after education and marriage, the timing could not be worse. Pregnancy at this time will ruin her opportunity for partnership. She faces two dilemmas. First, although she is stable in every area of her life, she wants to become a partner. Secondly, her spouse wants a child and has been patiently waiting this time. Should women select their own paths through life regarding family and career? Or should this be a legislative decision? Women should have their own option of deciding when or whether to have children because freedom is choice! â€Å"Abortion is†¦show more content†¦There are two terms to define abortion, therapeutic and elective. A therapeutic abortion occurs when for medical reason a pregnancy is interrupted before the 20th week of gestation because it endangers the mother’s life or health or because the baby presumably would not be normal (Affigne, 2006). An elective abortion is initiated by choice. Access to family planning education and contraceptive services have increased as an effort to reduce the number of abortions performed. Although, some pro-lifers are against family planning programs such as Planned Parenthood because they also perform abortions, pro-lifers would prefer to promote abstinence instead of fornication (Walden, 2009). There are many reasons why an abortion occurs, however, some causes are validated over others. An abortion could be to save the life of a pregnant woman whose physical and/or mental health is in jeopardy. Genetic abnormalities resulting in a child born with a congenital disorder that would be fatal or cause the child suffering and pain are reasons that another may want to abort her pregnancy. Other examples where abortion would benefit the mother and baby would be if a woman has been diagnosed with cancer in her uterus or if a pregnancy happens to be ectopic and is growing outside of the uterus. These are some cases where an abortion is vital. â€Å"In recent years Supreme-Court actions legalizing abortion have crystallized two ethical positions:Show MoreRelatedTen Supreme Court Decisions that Impacted the Reproduction Rights of Women1067 Words   |  5 PagesReproduction Rights of Women When talking about Supreme Court decisions that have greatly impacted the lives of women it is very hard to settle on just five of the many cases that have been ruled in favor of the rights of women. When discussing the topic of reproductive freedom and The Supreme Courts rulings on these matters ten cases can and must be discussed in order to provide a total overview and timeline of these historic rulings. The American Civil Liberties Union has helped women breech the barriersRead MoreThe Right Too Choose : Pro Choice1649 Words   |  7 Pageslife? Abortion. The decision that puts an end to a life but in return gives a woman opportunity. The rights of women to choose: Pro choice. Pro Choice is described as â€Å"A movement with abortion providers that are in the business of protecting and respecting women’s human rights, their moral autonomy and their choices† (Arthur A11). Republicans have been trying to make abortion illegal for decades, but there are certain regulations that stand in the way. The government cannot make abortion illegalRead MoreWomen s Issue Paper : Abortion1285 Words   |  6 PagesWoman’s Issue Paper: Abortion Abortion: a ·bor ·tion/əˈbà ´rSH(É™)n/noun 1. the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy (Abortion-Dictionary.com ). One in every three women have an abortion by the age of 45 (Operation Rescue Inc). Though the act of abortion is common it has been an emotionally draining debate since the mid 1970’s, but has always been a hot topic since the 1800’s. There are two sides to this debate. One side is pro-lifeRead MoreA Report On Behalf Of Abortion1710 Words   |  7 Pagesreport on behalf of Abortion Rights has been filed against the country of Northern Ireland regarding their current laws on abortion. Abortion Rights is a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) as well as a national pro-choice campaign to defend the rights of women and their access to safe, legal abortions. 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Some people take for granted the accessibility to birth control, condoms, and abortion. President Bush has initiated policies since coming into office that threaten women’s choices. As the Bush administration takes over, it is important for women and men to come together to support women’s rights. â€Å"Bush is setting a tone for anti-choice legislation, so I expect thatRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1437 Words   |  6 Pagesto be discussed is whether or not abortion should be legal. The issue originated from the case Roe vs Wade; henceforth abortion is now a fundamental right recognized by the US Supreme Court. Top current debates today from proponents and opponents are: pregnant women will resort to unsafe illegal abortions if there is no legal option and it is a fundamental human right for the women to choose. Many suggest there are better alternative s such as adoption, and abortion is wrong because killing a fetusRead More Should Abortion Remain Legal? Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pages America is a land of choices and rights, a land of opportunities and freedom but where do we draw the line? On January 22, 1973 the US Supreme Court made a historic decision that a woman has a constitutional right to an abortion during the first six months of pregnancy. Before the Court’s ruling, a majority of states prohibited abortion, although most allowed an exception when pregnancy threatened the woman’s life. The Court overturned these state prohibitions in Roe v. Wade. The Court ruled thatRead MoreAbortion Should Be Legal Essay893 Words   |  4 Pages Through every choice in life, there is a decision that must follow. Abortion is a woman’s individual choice; therefore, must be a legal part in todays society. Individual rights have an outstanding role in the controversial topic, on whether abortion should become legal in the United States . The individual rights for abortion show rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. 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Marketing and Communication Samsung and Cadbury

Question: Describe about the Marketing and Communication for Samsung and Cadbury. Answer: Introduction The following assignment is a case study of the marketing strategies of Samsung and Cadbury. The two companies are one of the major players in their segments and can be considered to be one of the companies that have gained from the strategy that have given them a competitive edge over the other players. While Samsung has gained from their policy of competitive pricing above all else, Cadbury is one of those brands that have built momentum through their process of differentiation of products. As such, the two brands have had a long run in the industry and continue to be one of the primary players that have kept ahead of their competitors in the competition. This assignment aims to study their major strategies that have been employed by these two brands over the years. Given the case scenario, there can also be an idea of their future steps that these brands aim to take. In such a case, an assessment of the strategies that they create in order to keep up in the market competition is a lso important. Background of the Organizations Samsung is one of the major players in the tech industry. What originally began as a trading company has now taken hold of a huge chunk of the technology industry and is one of the leading brands with the most number of customers. While Samsung has a huge presence in the entire tech sector, it is the smartphone industry that is currently the flagship of the Samsung brand. In its initial phase, Samsung wasnt as popular in this field and struggled to keep up with its competitors(Barney and Hesterly, 2006). So much so, that they also once decided ot opt out of the smartphone market and focus on other areas. However, the subsequent changes in marketing strategies would drive its growth to such an extent that it is currently the major competitor of the leading smartphone manufacturing brand Apple. Cadbury, on the other hand, has always been one of the leading brands ever since its inception(Cadogan, 2009). The main strategy of the brand has been to create a brand value and a brand image t hat would help it in attracting customers from across all the sections of the population. Also, Cadbury has stressed on the quality of products and have resorted to a policy of intensive advertising that would help strengthen its customer base. Also, this has led to a brand awareness among the population that would further drive its growth, a process that is continuing till today. Marketing Strategy of Samsung To understand the marketing strategy of Samsung, we have to first understand the Marketing Mix that Samsung utilizes in its policy. Price The pricing strategy of Samsung is one of the most important features while understanding the strategy of Samsung. The first feature that we see in the pricing policy of Samsung is that they use a policy of skimming prices(Ferrell and Hartline, 2005). This means that whenever they have a competitor in the market that offers similar features in their smartphones, Samsung lowers their prices in order to gain maximum market share. Also, it has been seen that Samsung tends to price their products competitively. This is because Samsung aims to gain hold of the market right when it enters. Place The place of Samsung is also very important while understanding the reason for Samsungs popularity. Samsung utilizes channel marketing to make its place in the market. As a result, there are service dealers who retail to corporate buyers. Also, the brand value of Samsung is one more of the factors that make it important for the various retailers to include Samsung in their list of offerings(Gerzema and Lebar, 2008). The distribution channels of Samsung are many and they penetrate the most parts of the globe and owing to the brand value and recognition, they are also always high in demand. Product The quality of the products must be taken into account whenever we need to understand the reason for Samsungs popularity. The products of Samsung are all required to go through a strict quality control in order to make it to the market(Luther, 2001). Each and every product that comes out of the factories is checked for consistencies and Samsung makes it a point that their products are of high quality whenever the question arises. Other than that, product variation is also an important part in the products of the brand. The product variation means that Samsung products have a distinct identity that adds to their brand value. Promotion Samsung has always been one of the brands that have laid a great stress on advertising their products. The advertising policy has always been one where they employ various measures to gain the attention of their existing customers as well as potential customers(Paley, 2007). Also, Samsung sponsors various popular sports events and other events that have a wide reaching effect. This has worked quite well in Samsungs favor as Samsung is now a household name. Marketing policy of Cadbury The marketing policy of Cadbury can also be determined by understanding their marketing mix(Richter, 2002). The marketing mix of Cadbury is one of the most interesting as they have focused on an aspect of building a strong brand value that would help them gain a huge share of the market. Product Cadbury has a huge line up when it comes to products. This ensures that they are always a part of the game in one sphere or the other. While the primary focus of Cadbury was in chocolates, it soon expanded its horizons to other arenas such as biscuits and energy drinks as well(Van der Westhuyzen and Van der Merwe, 2001). Also, the most important feature of the products is that they are targeted towards all age groups and genders. In such a case, Cadbury is bound to keep its market share. Price The prices of Cadbury products range from high to low. This ensures that they have a presence across all economic groups. Although the products of Cadbury are primarily luxury products, it is important to notice that they still manage to penetrate across all the income groups. As the quality of the products is high, some of the products are also highly priced(Walker, 2006). However, they do not affect the sales of any of those products as they have a strong brand image that attracts customers towards them(Wood, 2005). Also, the various price segments ensure that the brand has customers across all the income groups. In such a case, Cadbury has a consistent presence in the market. Place The distribution channels of Cadbury are quite widespread. It can be seen that Cadbury has distribution centers as well as presence in most retail shops in all the major cities as well as smaller towns(Westwood, 2011). Cadbury has a weak rural marketing but that is not much of a concern as the demand in the rural markets is also quite weak. Also, the presence of Cadbury in all the channels means that the customers have easy access to the products. This prompts the customers as well as potential customers to buy Cadbury products more frequently. Promotion Cadbury has utilized a strategy of brand recall while promoting their products. This is, Cadbury has taken their brand image to such a level that people would recall the name of Cadbury whenever they think of chocolates or other such products that are offered by Cadbury. Cadbury has always utilized a strategy of intensive advertising that have made Cadbury a household name(Wood, 2003). It is quite natural that Cadbury would have such a huge market share after we find out the kind of promotional activities that Cadbury has undertaken. Conclusion Samsung and Cadbury are two of the major players in their respective fields. This is mainly because of the marketing strategy that these bands have utilized in their policies. A strong marketing is thus the key to an organizations success. While Samsung has utilized a policy of competitive pricing, Cadbury has utilized the brand value to reach out to maximum customers. However, what we find common in both these brands is the intensive advertising procedures that these have undertaken. In such a case, it is the promotional activities of these brands that have benefitted them the most and helped them create such a strong market for their products. References Barney, J. and Hesterly, W. (2006).Strategic management and competitive advantage. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Cadogan, J. (2009).Marketing strategy. 1st ed. London: SAGE. Ferrell, O. and Hartline, M. (2005).Marketing strategy. 1st ed. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Gerzema, J. and Lebar, E. (2008).The brand bubble. 1st ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Luther, W. (2001).The marketing plan. 1st ed. New York: AMACOM. Paley, N. (2007).The marketing strategy desktop guide. 1st ed. London: Thorogood. Richter, T. (2002).Marketing mix standardisation in international marketing. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Van der Westhuyzen, B. and Van der Merwe, J. (2001).The marketing mix. Observatory, South Africa: Future Managers. Walker, O. (2006).Marketing strategy. 1st ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irvin. Westwood, J. (2011).How to write a marketing plan. 1st ed. London: Kogan Page. Wood, M. (2003).The marketing plan. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Wood, M. (2005).The marketing plan handbook. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.